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Biosynthesis and Characterization, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Selenium Nanoparticles from Ethanol Extract of Bee Propolis

Shubharani R, Mahesh M and V.N.Yogananda Murthy

Aim: Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) has gained significant interest due to their distinctive chemical and biological properties that is essential for potential application in various fields.

Methods: In the present study, propolis, the beehive product collected from 5 different Indian states like Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Karnataka and Kerala were used for the biosynthesis of SeNPs and characterized by using UV-vis spectrophotometer, fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results: SeNPs biosynthesized by propolis were observed as crystalline, oval shaped and smooth surface particles. Study also reports the efficiency of 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay to estimate the antioxidant potential. The antimicrobial assay was evaluated only for SeNPs synthesized from propolis extracts obtained from Karnataka state showed high antioxidant activity. The antibacterial activity against pathogenic gram-positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus mutans), gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was evaluated by resazurin microtiter plate method to check the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). The antifungal activity of pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavon and Candida albicans were determined by well diffusion method.

Conclusion: It is the first report describing the biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using bee propolis. This study demonstrated the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of SeNPs biosynthesised by using ethanol extract of propolis.